Engine failures significantly impact aircraft performance, reducing power by 50% and performance by over 80%. Pilots must consider factors like runway length, obstacle clearance, and performance ceilings during takeoff and en-route operations. Understanding declared distances (TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA) and performance ceilings (service, absolute, single-engine) is crucial for safe decision-making in case of an engine failure.
Multi-engine aerodynamics involve understanding Vmc, the critical engine, and four aerodynamic factors (PAST) affecting controllability. Vmc varies based on conditions (SMACFUMO), with factors like density altitude, power setting, and propeller configuration influencing it. Understanding these factors is crucial for safe operation on one engine.